Pyton-AP. Python Course Beta

Python— высокоуровневый язык программирования общего назначения, ориентированный на повышение производительности разработчика и читаемости кода. Синтаксис ядра Python минималистичен. В то же время стандартная библиотека включает большой объём полезных функций.

Introduction

• Installing Python
• Significant Whitespace in Python
• Python Culture and the Zen of Python
• Importing From the Python Standard Library
• Scalar Types: int, float, None and bool
• Relational Operators
• Conditional Statements
• While Loops

Strings and Collections

• Strings
• Bytes
• Lists
• Dictionaries
• For-Loops
• Putting it All Together

Modularity

• Creating, Running, and Importing a Module
• Defining Functions and Returning Values
• Distinguishing Between Module Import and Module Execution
• The Python Execution Model
• Main Functions and Command Line Arguments
• Documenting Your Code Using Docstrings
• Documenting Your Code With Comments
• The Whole Shebang

Objects

• Argument Passing
• Function Arguments in Detail
• Python's Type System
• Variable Scoping
• Everything Is an Object

Collections

• Tuple
• String
• Range
• List
• Shallow Copies
• List Repetition
• More on List
• Growing Lists
• Reversing and Sorting Lists
• Dictionary
• Set
• Collection Protocols

Handling exceptions

• Exceptions and Control Flow
• Handling Exceptions
• Programmer Errors
• Imprudent Error Codes
• Re-Raising Exceptions
• Exceptions as APIs
• Exceptions, APIs, and Protocols
• Do Not Guard Against Type Errors
• EAFP vs LBYL
• Clean-Up Actions
• Platform-Specific Code

Iterables

• List Comprehensions
• Set Comprehensions
• Dictionary Comprehensions
• Filtering Predicates
• Iteration Protocols
• Generators
• Stateful Generator Functions
• Laziness and the Infinite
• Generator
• Batteries Included for Iteration

Classes

• Defining Classes
• Instance Methods
• Initializers
• A Second Class
• Collaborating Classes
• OO With Function Objects
• Polymorphism and Duck Typing
• Inheritance and Implementation Sharing

Files and Resource Management

• Writing Text Files
• Reading Text Files
• Appending to Text Files
• Files as Iterators
• Managing Files With TryFinally
• Context Managers and with-blocks
• Simple Is Better Than Complex
• Writing Binary Files
• Bitwise Operators
• Fractal Images
• Reading Binary Files
• File Like Objects
• Closing With Context Managers

Managing Dev Environment

• Introduction to unit test
• Debugging With PDB
• Virtual Environments
• Distributing Your Programs
• Installing Third-party Modules
• Organizing Programs
• Packages
• Imports from syspath
• Implementing Packages
• Subpackages
• Example: A Full Program
• Relative Imports
• Controlling Imports with __all__
• Namespace Packages
• Executable Directories
• Recommended Layout

Advanced Functions

• Function Review
• Callable Instances
• Classes Are Callable
• Conditional Expressions
• Lambdas
• Detecting Callable Objects
• Extended Formal Argument Syntax
• Extended Call Syntax
• Forwarding Arguments

Closures and Decorators

• Local Functions
• Returning Functions From Functions
• Closures and Nested Scopes
• Function Factories
• The Nonlocal Keyword
• Function Decorators
• A First Decorator Example
• What Can Be a Decorator?
• Instances as Decorators
• Multiple Decorators
• Decorating Methods
• functoolswraps()

Properties and Class Methods

• Class Attributes
• Static Methods
• Class Methods
• Static Methods with Inheritance
• Class Methods with Inheritance
• Properties
• Properties and Inheritance

Strings and Representations

• Two String Representations
• repr()
• str()
• When Are the Representations Used?
• Interaction with format()
• reprlib
• asciii(), ord(), and chr()

Numeric and Scalar Types

• Reviewing int and float
• The Decimal Module and the Decimal Type
• Rational Numbers with the Fraction Type
• The Complex Type and the cmath Module
• Built-In Numeric Functions abs() and round()
• Number Base Conversions
• The datetime Module and date Type
• The time Type
• The datetime Type
• Durations with the timedelta Type
• Arithmetic with datetime
• Time Zones

Iterables and Iteration

• Multi-Input Comprehensions
• Nested Comprehensions
• The map() Function
• Multiple Input Sequences
• map() Versus Comprehensions
• The filter() Function
• The functoolsreduce() Function
• Combining map() and reduce()
• The Iteration Protocols
• Putting the Protocols Together
• Alternative Iterable Protocol
• Extended iter() Format

Inheritance and Subtype Polymorphism

• Inheritance Overview
• A Realistic Example: SortedList
• The Built-In isinstance() Function
• The Built-In issubclass() Function
• Multiple Inheritance
• Details of Multiple Inheritance
• Method Resolution Order
• How Is Method Resolution Order Calculated?
• The Built-In super() Function
• Class-Bound Super Proxies
• Instance-Bound Super Proxies
• Calling super() Without Arguments
• SortedIntList Explained
• The Object Class

Implementing Collections

• Collection Protocol Overview
• Collection Construction
• The Container Protocol
• The Sized Protocol
• The Iterable Protocol
• The Sequence Protocol: Indexing
• The Sequence Protocol: Slicing
• Comprehensible Test Results With __repr__()
• Implementing Equality and Inequality
• The Sequence Protocol: Reversing
• The Sequence Protocol: index()
• The Sequence Protocol: count()
• Improving Performance from O(N) to O(log n)
• Refactoring to Avoid Don't Repeat Yourself (DRY)
• Checking Protocol Implementations
• The Sequence Protocol: Concatenation and Repetition
• The Set Protocol

Exceptions and Errors

• Always Specify an Exception Type
• The Standard Exception Hierarchy
• Exception Payloads
• Defining New Exceptions
• Chaining Exceptions
• Traceback Objects
• Assertions: Internal Invariants
• Assertions: Class Invariants
• Assertions: Performance

Defining Context Managers

• What Is a Context Manager?
• Context Manager Protocol
• A First Context Manager Example
• __enter__()
• __exit__()
• __exit__() and Exception Propagation
• The with-statement Expansion
• contextlibcontextmanager
• Multiple Context Managers
• Don't Pass a List!

In Depth

• Object Types in Depth
• Objects
• Scopes
• The Python Standard Library Inspect Modul

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